Article 2. Primary Urban Center

Sections:

    24-2.1    Area description.
    24-2.2    Urban design principles and controls for the primary urban center.
    24-2.3    Development priorities.

    24-2.4    Land use and public facilities maps.

Appendix:
    24-2    Ordinances Amending the Development Plan Land Use Map and the Development Plan Public Facilities Map

Sec. 24-2.1    Area description.
(a)    The primary urban center (PUC) is the area that includes the communities from Waialae-Kahala to Pearl City. It is the most populated part of the State of Hawaii and is Oahu's largest employment center.
(b)    In 1985, 53.8 percent of the city's total population, or 438,000 residents, lived in the primary urban center. In keeping with the policies of the general plan, the primary urban center shall efficiently accommodate more intensive commercial, governmental, residential and recreational functions in a manner that safeguards and adds to the existing amenities of the city's urban environment.
(c)    The following principles outline the desired three-dimensional implications of the land use pattern depicted on the land use map to be implemented through public and private actions:
    (1)    The overall pattern of urban development within the primary urban center shall continue to be linear, running parallel with the shoreline and bounded by mountainous conservation lands and the sea.
    (2)    Medium and higher density residential uses shall occur along the coastal plain, near the major travel corridors, with maximum heights primarily occurring within the central urban core. Medium and highrise residential buildings shall be sufficiently spaced for recreational and visual purposes. Suburban low-density, low-rise residential development shall remain along the lower mountain ridges and inner valley floors, and in the coastal areas of Kahala and Diamond Head.
    (3)    Commercial uses shall continue to be located along the major roadways, with the exception that small neighborhood oriented commercial uses may be located within low-density residential and apartment areas. Apartments in mixed use with commercial shall be permitted, subject to appropriate zoning regulations and where (A) public facilities and services are adequate to serve mixed uses, (B) the area is accessible by major transportation corridors, and (C) such uses are compatible with adjacent uses, within the special areas designated in Section 24-2.2(b) of this development plan.
    (4)    Major industrial centers and complexes shall be located near major transportation facilities such as Honolulu Harbor, the airport, and the H-1 freeway. Areas designated industrial shall be isolated or buffered from other uses to avoid the negative impact of industrial uses.
    (5)    Waikiki shall continue to be maintained as Hawaii's primary visitor destination area, with emphasis on improving the quality of the environment and discouraging further high-density development in the area. New hotel development may be permitted outside of Waikiki in areas where it will not significantly disrupt existing lifestyles, alter the natural environment, or raise the cost of providing public services in the area. Such areas include the downtown, Ala Moana, and airport special areas. Additional sites may be designated in accordance with adopted amendment procedures. Sufficient hotel sites may be provided outside of Waikiki to accommodate about 5,000 visitor units.
    (6)    To promote a more pleasing and attractive urban setting and to maintain a strong sense of the nearness of open space and nature, a strong mauka-makai orientation shall be promoted through the establishment and preservation of mauka-makai view corridors and open space belts along streams. Panoramic views, views of major landmarks, and viewplanes from Waikiki to the mountains shall also be protected.
    (7)    Adequate amounts of recreational facilities and public parks shall be provided for active and passive recreation, particularly in areas where redevelopment or other activities create opportunities for new urban open spaces.
    (8)    The visual impact of taller structures along major roadways and pedestrian corridors shall be minimized through the use of appropriate building setbacks, plantings adjacent to walkways, and open space areas.
(Sec. 32-2.1, R.O. 1978 (1987 Supp. to 1983 Ed.); Am. Ord. 92-144)

Sec. 24-2.2    Urban design principles and controls for the primary urban center.
(a)    Specific Urban Design Considerations.
    (1)    Open Space. The visibility, preservation, enhancement and accessibility of open space areas, as defined in Section 24-1.4 of the development plan common provisions, shall be given high priority in the design of adjacent and nearby developments in the primary urban center. These areas include, but are not limited to, the steep slopes of valley and ridge areas, streams and the shoreline areas, Diamond Head, Punchbowl, Ala Wai Canal, Kewalo Basin, and Ala Wai Yacht Harbor.
    (2)    Public Views. In order to promote pleasing and attractive urban living environments, and to protect and enhance the remaining natural environment of urban areas, views of landmarks and the natural environment from public places may be identified and protected by the department of land utilization. Important views to be protected include, but are not limited to, the following:
        (A)    Panoramic, mauka and makai, and continuous views of the Koolau and Waianae mountain ranges, ridges, valleys, and coastline and the sea;
        (B)    Views of natural landmarks, such as Diamond Head, Punchbowl, Pearl Harbor, major streams and forest areas;
        (C)    Views of unique agriculturally developed areas;
        (D)    Prominent views of historically and architecturally significant urban areas, places and buildings, such as the Hawaii Capital Complex, Thomas Square, Academy of Arts, and Chinatown area.
        (E)    Views to the mountains from streets and other public areas in Waikiki, especially from those streets and public areas diamond head of Launiu Street.
    (3)    Height Controls. Except as specified in subsection (b) of this section, general height limits of buildings shall be as follows:
        Preservation    25 feet
        Agricultural    25 feet
        Residential    25 feet
        Low-Density Apartment    30 feet
        Medium-Density Apartment    150 feet
        High-Density Apartment    350 feet
        Residential, emphasis mixed use    150 feet
        Commercial    60 feet
        Commercial, emphasis mixed use    150 feet
        Industrial    60 feet
        Commercial-industrial, emphasis mixed use    60 feet
        The application of these general height limits shall be governed by the provisions set forth in Section 24-1.4 (d) of the development plan common provisions.
    (4)    Density Controls. The guidelines for densities shall be as follows:
        (A)    Residential. Areas designated as residential, 12 dwelling units per net acre.
        (B)    Low-Density Apartment. Areas designated as low-density apartment, 30 dwelling units per net acre.
        (C)    Medium-Density Apartment. Areas designated as medium-density apartment, 90 dwelling units per net acre.
        (D)    High-Density Apartment. Areas designated as high-density apartment, 140 dwelling units per net acre.
        (E)    Agricultural. Areas designated as agricultural, one dwelling unit per two acres, except for areas in transition between agricultural and more intensive residential uses, in which case there may be a density of one unit per one acre.
(b)    Principles and Controls for Special Areas.
    (1)    Downtown. Downtown is a commercial emphasis mixed-use area generally bounded by Nuuanu Stream, Vineyard Boulevard, Alakea Street, and Honolulu Harbor. Included in the area are the Financial, Kukui and Chinatown districts, and the Aloha Tower-Honolulu Harbor area. The development concept permits different land use priorities in each of the four subareas.
        (A)    Hotels shall be permitted as a principal use in addition to commercial and apartment uses.
        (B)    The financial district shall be maintained as the high-density, high-rise central business area and the headquarters for the state's major corporations and financial institutions.
        (C)    The Kukui district shall be developed as a high-density downtown residential area.
        (D)    The Chinatown district shall be redeveloped with emphasis on historic preservation, architectural character and adaptive reuse. The retail-commercial function shall be strengthened.
        (E)    The Aloha Tower and Honolulu Harbor area shall be redeveloped as a pedestrian-oriented activity center which retains and integrates existing principal maritime activities with a mixture of hotel, commercial and recreational uses.
        (F)    Compatibility of uses and design integration shall be encouraged at the boundaries of the subareas.
        (G)    Urban park-like amenities, such as downtown malls, private walkways, landscaping and open space shall be encouraged.
        (H)    Views from public streets and thoroughfares to the Aloha Tower, Honolulu Harbor, the mountains, and Hawaii capital district shall be preserved and enhanced where feasible.
        (I)    The general height limit for the area shall be 350 feet provided that if increased public ground-level open space and amenities are committed, the following heights may be permitted on the conditions set forth below:
            (i)    Four hundred feet for the area bounded by Hotel, Bethel, Beretania and Alakea Streets, and
            (ii)    Four hundred fifty feet for the area bounded by Merchant, Bethel, Hotel and Alakea Streets.
            The increase of ground-level public open space and amenities is to be the only basis for permitting heights over 350 feet. For all buildings over 350 feet:
            1.    The maximum density shall not be increased;
            2.    Pedestrian amenities and landscaping shall be encouraged and ground-level parking garages shall be discouraged;
            3.    Public, open space at ground level and public amenities shall be substantially increased; and
            4.    Pursuant to ordinances, a site plan shall be necessary to ensure that such buildings would be compatible with adjacent uses and structures and that public amenities, including increasing substantial ground-level open space, landscaping, pedestrian environment improvements, the retention of significant public views, and the preservation of historic structures, are achieved.
        (J)    Special height, design and use controls may be applied where necessary to ensure the preservation of important views, landmarks and historical structures, and the compatibility of the mixture of uses within the area.
    (2)    Waikiki. Waikiki is the area generally bounded by the Ala Wai Canal, the shoreline, Kapahulu Avenue, and includes the Ala Wai Golf Course, Ala Wai School and Ala Wai Park. It contains major concentrations of resort, commercial and apartment uses. The intent of the following statements is to enhance the attractiveness and quality of Hawaii's primary tourist destination area and its residential areas.
        (A)    In general, resort and related commercial activities shall be concentrated in the areas makai of Kuhio Avenue and Ala Moana Boulevard. Apartments intended for Honolulu's residents who prefer a higher density urban living environment shall be located mauka of Kuhio Avenue and in the Hobron Lane area.
        (B)    Resort facilities shall be developed to support a destination area of about 32,800 visitor units in the Waikiki special area. This figure shall be an absolute cap and shall be reviewed in 1997 and every five years thereafter to assure that the economic viability of Waikiki as a tourist destination area is maintained.
        (C)    Any additional high-density development shall be discouraged, unless accompanied by public amenities.
        (D)    The general height limits for the area shall be as provided in Section 21-7.80 of the LUO.
        (E)    Existing views of the mountains, ocean and Diamond Head from streets, pedestrian corridors and major public places shall be preserved through more stringent development controls in terms of height, bulk, siting and setback. Such views shall be enhanced by appropriate landscaping requirements for private developments along view corridors and the appropriate landscaping of related streets.
        (F)    Landscaping along mauka-makai roadways that provide visual access to the mountains and the sea from Waikiki shall be selected and situated to minimize the visual dominance of the paved surfaces and to maintain existing mauka and makai views along these roadways.
        (G)    The present open space nature and character of dominant physical features along the perimeter of this area shall be preserved and enhanced. These features directly contribute to the present attractiveness and quality of the area as well as to the surrounding communities. They include the Ala Wai Canal, Ala Wai Field, Ala Wai Golf Course, Kapiolani Park, Honolulu Zoo, Ala Wai Yacht Harbor, and the views of Diamond Head and the ocean.
            All public and private developments or improvements shall be designed to preserve and enhance the visual and physical access to these features.
        (H)    The open space character of Fort DeRussy shall be preserved.
        (I)    A public open space network shall be established in Waikiki, including public plazas in the resort mixed-use areas and along the Alanui Hele, or great path system, comprised of smaller neighborhood open spaces linked by pedestrian pathways running ewa-diamond head mid-block in apartment areas. Public open spaces shall be integrated into the street-based pedestrian traffic network.
        (J)    Public pedestrian access to the shoreline shall be increased in number, size and attractiveness.
        (K)    Waikiki Beach shall be widened and public pedestrian access along the beach shall be improved.
        (L)    Public walkways along the makai bank of Ala Wai Canal shall be widened and improved. Public pedestrian access to and along the mauka bank shall also be increased and improved.
        (M)    The pedestrian traffic network within the area shall be substantially improved to recognize the unique visitor destination area requirements. Special consideration shall be given to pedestrian safety, comfort and enjoyment, since walking constitutes a major activity for the visitor, within this area. Sidewalks along Ala Moana Boulevard, Kalakaua Avenue, Kuhio Avenue, and other important streets for pedestrian circulation shall be widened and enhanced.
        (N)    Alternative modes of transportation and pedestrian-oriented amenities shall be encouraged in Waikiki to improve pedestrian access and minimize traffic congestion. Use of private automobiles within Waikiki shall be discouraged.
        (O)    Activities, sites and facilities that create and perpetuate a "Hawaiian sense of place" shall be encouraged through a partnership of the community, business and government.
        (P)    A pedestrian trail system shall be established with markers to identify the location of significant cultural and historic sites. Programs and activities that accurately and respectfully exhibit or portray Hawaiian culture and the history of Waikiki shall be encouraged.
        (Q)    The Ala Wai Canal and adjacent area is an important natural, recreational, and open space resource to be protected, preserved and enhanced for its scenic, environmental, and recreational qualities.
        (R)    Actions shall be promoted that are consistent with the long-term economic strength and viability of Waikiki.
        (S)    Actions shall be encouraged and undertaken that integrate Waikiki's cultural and historic heritage with its physical improvement and future development so as to promote and maintain Waikiki as a unique world-class tourist destination.
        (T)    A viable residential community shall be supported in Waikiki and a compatible mixture of resident and visitor activities shall be permitted so as to preserve the integrity of residential communities.
        (U)    The special circumstances in Waikiki that tend to increase criminal activities shall be recognized, and enhanced public safety measures and programs shall be provided to assure a safe environment for Waikiki residents and visitors alike.
        (V)    Infrastructure for Waikiki shall be provided and maintained through public and private partnerships, to the extent feasible, so as to provide adequate capacity for existing and planned visitor, residential and commercial needs.
    (3)    McCully-Moiliili. McCully-Moiliili is the area generally bounded by the Lunalilo Freeway, Manoa-Palolo Stream, the Ala Wai Canal, the Makiki Drainage Ditch and Punahou Street. Growth within this area shall be generally limited to development of medium-density apartments in combination with commercial and mixed-use developments along major transportation corridors that are supporting and complementary to the apartment uses.
        (A)    A variety of housing and open space opportunities and amenities which address the needs of family, elderly and childless households shall be provided wherever possible.
        (B)    Circulation and community interaction within this area shall be enhanced by a substantially improved pedestrian walkway and a bikeway system to provide pleasant and safe links between activity centers and apartments.
        (C)    Emphasis shall be placed on providing moderate to smaller size open spaces such as mini-parks, tot lots, playfields and community gardens. In addition to serving local recreational needs, such open spaces shall be located and developed in a manner that enhances the visual quality of McCully-Moiliili.
        (D)    Medium-density apartment, commercial emphasis mixed-use, and residential emphasis mixed-use areas shall have a general height limit of 150 feet, with the exception that the commercial emphasis mixed-use area mauka of Beretania Street between University Avenue and Artesian Street shall have a general height limit of 60 feet in order to reduce the impact on the adjacent residential-designated area. Furthermore, the commercial-designated area along King Street between Kapiolani Boulevard and Kapahulu Avenue shall have a general height limit of 90 feet.
        (E)    In addition to the above, special height, design and use controls may be applied where necessary to ensure the preservation of important views, landmarks and historic structures, and the compatibility of the permitted mixture of uses within the area.
    (4)    Alapai-Sheridan. Alapai-Sheridan is the area generally bounded by Alapai Street, Lunalilo Freeway, Punahou Street, Makiki Drainage Ditch, Kapiolani Boulevard, Piikoi Street, and King Street.
        Growth within this area shall be generally characterized by medium-density and high-density apartments in combination with commercial and mixed-use developments.
        (A)    General height limits for this area shall be as follows:
            (i)    Three hundred fifty feet for (aa) the high-density apartment and residential emphasis mixed-use areas mauka of Rycroft and Kanunu Streets, and (bb) the commercial emphasis mixed-use area makai of Kanunu Street and diamond head of Kaheka and Mahukona Streets;
            (ii)    Two hundred fifty feet for (aa) the residential emphasis mixed use makai of Rycroft Street, (bb) the commercial emphasis mixed-use area between Kaheka and Piikoi Streets and makai of Makaloa Street, Sheridan and Rycroft Streets, and (cc) the commercial emphasis mixed-use area between Philip and Fern Streets and diamond head of Kalakaua Avenue;
            (iii)    One hundred fifty feet for all other areas, including all medium-density apartment areas and the mixed-use areas along King, Hotel, Young and Beretania Streets.
        (B)    In addition to the above, special height, design and use controls may be applied where necessary to ensure the preservation of important views, landmarks and historic structures, and the compatibility of the permitted mixture of uses within the area.
    (5)    Makiki/Punchbowl. Makiki/Punchbowl is the area lying mauka of Vineyard Boulevard/Lunalilo Freeway and generally bounded by Alexander Street and Punahou Street on the east, Nehoa Street, Auwaiolimu Street, Pauoa Road, Craigside Place, and Kuakini Street on the north, and Liliha Street on the west.
        The purpose of the following principles and controls is to preserve and protect Punchbowl as a scenic resource as well as to provide a satisfying, safe and attractive residential environment within the surrounding area.
        (A)    The natural appearance and public views of Punchbowl, particularly from Lunalilo Freeway and Pali Highway, shall be protected by appropriate building height restrictions and setbacks.
        (B)    The general height limits for the area shall be as provided in Section 21-7.50 of the LUO.
        (C)    In addition to the above, special height, design and use controls may be applied where necessary to ensure the protection of important views, especially those of Punchbowl and mauka-makai views, the preservation of important landmarks and historic structures, and the compatibility of the permitted mixtures of uses within the area.
    (6)    Kakaako. Kakaako is the area generally bounded by South Street, King Street, and Piikoi Street. It includes the entire Kewalo Peninsula makai of the Ala Moana Boulevard.
        Kakaako includes the entire Kewalo Peninsula makai of Ala Moana Boulevard from Pier 2 on the west to the Kewalo Basin-Ala Moana Park boundary on the east, and the area mauka of Ala Moana Boulevard bounded by Punchbowl Street, Pohukaina Street, South Street, King Street, Ward Avenue, Kapiolani Boulevard, and Piikoi Street.
        The purpose of the following principles and controls is to permit the redevelopment of this area for mixed uses within an attractive setting and to preserve mauka-makai views and views of Punchbowl from within Kakaako as well as from areas beyond its boundaries.
        (A)    Commercial emphasis mixed-use shall be the predominant form of development in Kakaako, with limited areas also set aside for commercial-industrial emphasis mixed-use in the central portion and for marine industrial use at the ewa end of Kewalo Peninsula.
        (B)    The makai portion of Kewalo Peninsula shall be developed into a regional park.
        (C)    The general height limits for the area shall be as provided in Appendix F to the LUO. For areas outside of the special design district boundaries, general height limits shall be as follows:
            (i)    Sixty feet for the area occupied by Neal Blaisdell Center, McKinley High School and Kapiolani Community College;
            (ii)    One hundred fifty feet for the medium-density apartment area between Pensacola and Piikoi Streets;
            (iii)    Two hundred fifty feet for the commercial area between Pensacola and Piikoi Streets.
        (D)    A special pedestrian corridor system shall be provided for safe and pleasant access to major activity centers adjacent to this area, enhancing the compatibility of the mixed uses in the area.
            The system shall also include a pedestrian walkway along the shoreline from the mouth of Honolulu Harbor into Ala Moana Park.
        (E)    In addition to the above, special height, design and use controls may be applied where necessary to ensure the preservation of important views, landmarks and historic structures, and the compatibility of the permitted mixture of uses within the area.
    (7)    Nimitz/Ala Moana Corridor. This vehicular corridor includes Nimitz Highway and Ala Moana Boulevard from the Honolulu International Airport to Kalakaua Avenue in Waikiki. The corridor deserves special consideration because of its function as the major ingress and egress route of visitors and as a major thoroughfare for residents.
        (A)    The preservation and enhancement of views from this corridor shall be the major determinants of development controls along this corridor.
        (B)    Appropriate measures to enhance the attractiveness of this corridor and the public and private responsibilities to implement and maintain such improvements shall be adopted.
    (8)    Ala Moana. Ala Moana is the area generally bounded by Piikoi Street, Kapiolani Boulevard, Makiki drainage ditch, Ala Wai Canal and Ala Moana Boulevard. Growth within this area shall be generally characterized by medium-density and mixed-use developments.
        (A)    Hotels and convention facilities shall be permitted as principal uses as part of a commercial emphasis mixed-use development in the area bounded by Kapiolani Boulevard, Kalakaua Avenue, the Ala Wai Canal, the medium-density apartment-designated area, Atkinson Drive, and Mahukona Street.
        (B)    General height limits for this area shall be as follows:
            (i)    One hundred feet for the block occupied by the Ala Moana Shopping Center;
            (ii)    One hundred fifty feet for the medium-density apartment area between Atkinson Drive and the Ala Wai Canal;
            (iii)    Two hundred fifty feet for the area generally bounded by Kapiolani Boulevard, Mahukona Street, Kona Street, and Piikoi Street;
            (iv)    Three hundred fifty feet for the commercial emphasis mixed-use area makai of Kapiolani Boulevard and diamond head of Kaheka Street and Mahukona Street, except as otherwise provided in subparagraph (8)(B)(v) of this subsection.
            (v)    Within the commercial emphasis mixed-use area generally bounded by Kapiolani Boulevard, Atkinson Drive, the medium-density apartment designated area, the Ala Wai Canal, and Kalakaua Avenue, the height limit may be increased to no more than an additional 150 feet by the council, provided that the master plan for the development of this area include a trade or convention center as that term is defined in Chapter 21 of this code (the land use ordinance), and provided further that a plan review use application for the site is approved by council resolution.
        (C)    In addition to the above, special height, design and use controls may be applied where necessary to ensure the preservation of important views, landmarks and historic structures, and the compatibility of the permitted mixture of uses within the area.
    (9)    Airport. Airport is the industrial and commercial-industrial emphasis mixed-use-designated area makai of Nimitz Highway and adjacent to Honolulu International Airport, bounded by Rodgers Boulevard on the west and Keehi Beach Park on the east.
        The purpose of the following principles and controls is to guide the development of this area for a variety of activities and uses that are compatible with its character as an airport area.
        (A)    In addition to the allowed uses set forth in Part I, Section 24-2.3, of this development plan for the industrial land use category, air transportation and related uses, including but not limited to offices, motels and hotels, food preparation, warehousing and storage, and commercial uses shall be permitted in the airport area.
        (B)    The general height limit for development in the airport area shall be the lesser of (i) 160 feet, or (ii) the height limitation as may be imposed by the Federal Aviation Administration.
    (10)    Kalihi-Palama. Kalihi-Palama is the area generally bounded by Middle Street, School Street to Nuuanu Stream, and down Nuuanu Stream to the ocean. Growth in this area shall emphasize maintaining the existing mixed-use character of the district, with predominantly residential and apartment development in the mauka areas, mixed uses along and makai of King Street, and industrial uses in the ewa areas and along the waterfront. The diamond head end of the mixed-use area shall be developed as a center of higher density, regional-scale activity.
        General height limits for this area shall be as follows:
        (A)    Areas not designated for mixed use:
            Residential     25 feet
            Low-Density Apartment     30 feet
            Medium-Density Apartment     150 feet
            Commercial      60 feet
            Industrial     60 feet
        (B)    The King Street commercial emphasis mixed-use corridor shall have a general height limit of 200 feet on both sides of King Street from Middle Street to Kalihi Street and from Waiakamilo Road to Nuuanu Stream.
        (C)    The Dillingham Boulevard commercial emphasis mixed-use area shall have a general height limit of 60 feet.
        (D)    The commercial-industrial emphasis mixed-use area bounded by the King Street corridor, Nuuanu Stream, Nimitz Highway, Waiakamilo Road, Kaumualii Street and Kapalama drainage canal shall have a general height limit of 150 feet.
        (E)    All other commercial-industrial emphasis mixed-use areas shall have a general height limit of 60 feet.
        (F)    The residential emphasis mixed-use area shall have a general height limit of 30 feet.
        (G)    Areas makai of Nimitz Highway which are designated for public and quasi-public (harbor-related facilities) or military use shall have a general height limit of 70 feet.
        (H)    In addition to the above, special height, design and use controls may be applied where necessary to ensure the preservation of important views, landmarks and historic structures, and the compatibility of the permitted mixture of uses within the area.
    (11)    Capital District. The capital district is the area generally makai of Vineyard Boulevard and Lunalilo Freeway, and bounded by Queen Emma-Alakea Streets and South-Alapai Streets.
        The purpose of the following principles and controls is to protect the capital district as a historic and scenic resource and provide for its orderly development and growth as a governmental center.
        (A)    Places and views of historic, cultural and scenic importance shall be identified and preserved.
        (B)    The attractiveness and park-like setting of the area shall be maintained and enhanced.
        (C)    The landmarks and their settings in the district shall be protected and perpetuated as sources of education and pleasure for the people of Hawaii and to foster civic pride in the beauty and accomplishments of the past.
        (D)    The general height limits for the area shall be as provided in Section 21-7.30 of the LUO.
        (E)    In addition to the above, special height, design, landscaping, open space and use controls may be applied where necessary to ensure the preservation of important views.
    (12)    Diamond Head. Diamond Head is the area generally bounded by Kapahulu Avenue, Mooheau Avenue, Maunaloa Avenue, Kilauea Avenue, and Elepaio Street. It also includes the Ala Wai Golf Course.
        The purpose of the following principles and controls is to preserve and protect Diamond Head as a scenic resource and to enhance the historic, cultural, and scenic qualities of the surrounding areas.
        (A)    The natural appearance and public views of Diamond Head, especially as seen from heavily traveled and highly developed areas, shall be identified and protected.
        (B)    Cultural and historic sites shall be preserved and enhanced.
        (C)    The general height limits for the area shall be as provided in Section 21-7.40 of the LUO.
        (D)    In addition to the above, special height, design, and use controls may be applied where necessary to ensure the preservation of important views, landmarks, and historic structures, and the compatibility of uses within the area.
(Sec. 32-2.2, R.O. 1978 (1987 Supp. to 1983 Ed.); Am. Ord. 89-15, 89-51, 89-152, 91-15, 92-144, 96-70)

Sec. 24-2.3    Development priorities.
    The planning, funding, and construction of public projects in the primary urban center shall be guided by the policies set forth in Section 24-1.9 of the development plan common provisions. In addition, public plans and programs shall support the following projects in the primary urban center in the priority shown:
(a)    Infrastructure improvements to facilitate the future development of Waikiki, including facilities to support the convention center;
(b)    Affordable housing projects;
(c)    Upgrade existing infrastructure downtown;
(d)    Industrial areas in Kalihi/Palama/Kalihi Kai;
(e)    Honolulu waterfront development; and
(f)    Rapid transit system and stations: including infrastructure improvements along the transit line to support expanded activity at and around transit stations.
(Sec. 32-2.3, R.O. 1978 (1987 Supp. to 1983 Ed.); Am. Ord. 89-152, 96-70)

    Part II. Development Plan Maps for the Primary Urban Center

Sec. 24-2.4    Land use and public facilities maps.
(a)    The maps on file with the city clerk, entitled respectively "Development Plan Land Use Map for the Primary Urban Center, City and County of Honolulu" and "Development Plan Public Facilities Map for the Primary Urban Center, City and County of Honolulu," are adopted and made a part of this development plan.
(b)    These maps provide relatively detailed schemes for implementing and accomplishing the objectives and policies of the general plan for the primary urban center.
    (1)    Development Plan Land Use Map.
        (A)    The land use map defines the boundary of the primary urban center. It depicts a land use pattern that is consistent with the objectives and policies of the general plan and is used as the basis for public facility planning. It shows the locations of existing and planned areas of preservation, agricultural, residential, residential emphasis mixed-use, apartment, commercial, commercial emphasis mixed-use, resort, resort mixed used, industrial, commercial-industrial emphasis mixed-use, and military areas; existing schools, parks, libraries, government, and other major public uses; existing quasi-public uses on sites of about one acre or more; and existing major land using elements of the transportation, water, sewer, and other utility systems. The map also shows general locations for future parks, golf courses, schools, police stations, fire stations, libraries, post offices, satellite city halls and other government offices, transportation centers, and marinas that are to be provided for such uses by private developers.
        (B)    The land use boundaries on the map are not to be considered zoning boundaries nor are they intended to reflect land use designations by metes and bounds. Therefore, the map is not a precise graphic delineation of existing or potential future legal uses. It does not confer upon property owners any rights respecting the use of their land that they do not presently enjoy. Flexibility in interpreting the boundaries on the land use map is permitted to the degree necessary to establish reasonable zoning district boundaries and street alignments, realignments or deletions that implement the intended land use pattern.
    (2)    Development Plan Public Facilities Map.
        (A)    The development plan public facilities map, together with the land use map, identifies a system of parks, public thoroughfares, highways and streets, and the location, relocation and improvement of major public buildings, public or private facilities for utilities, terminals and drainage. On the public facilities map, system elements to be provided by private developers are distinguished from those to be provided by governments or public utilities.
        (B)    For facilities to be provided by governments, the map distinguishes between facilities programmed for commencement of land acquisition and/or construction within the next six years, and facilities planned for commencement of land acquisition and/or construction beyond the next six years. This distinction is not applicable to facilities to be provided by private developers.
        (C)    The map is intended to provide notice of the approximate site and corridor locations and approximate timing of implementation. The nature and location of these systems are to be interpreted flexibly to the degree necessary to ensure reasonable implementation. Funds may be budgeted and allocated and/or permits issued at any time for the construction of public uses and facilities depicted on the map.
(Sec. 32-2.4, R.O. 1978 (1987 Supp. to 1983 Ed.); Am. Ord. 89-152, 92-144, 94-26)
    Appendix 24-2 ^*

Ordinances Amending the Development Plan Land Use Map
and the Development Plan Public Facilities Map for the Primary Urban Center